Author: Vitaliy Dadalyan

S&P falls for fourth day as Mueller subpoena weighs

S&P falls for fourth day as Mueller subpoena weighs

The S&P 500 ended slightly lower on Thursday after a report that U.S. Special Counsel Robert Mueller had issued a subpoena for documents related to U.S. President Donald Trump's businesses offset strong jobs and manufacturing data. The S&P fell to a session low soon after the New York Times report was released but recovered much of its losses by the market close. The Dow pared some gains but still ended higher for the first time in four days.


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The pedestrian bridge that collapsed in Florida was designed to make students safer

A bridge at Florida International University's campus collapsed on Thursday, resulting in multiple injuries and casualties to those who were trapped beneath it. The 950-ton bridge, which was set to be completed in 2019, was designed to make it safer for students to travel between FIU's campus and Streetwater, a city where around 4,000 students live. The bridge was installed in a single day on Saturday through a method that was supposed to increase safety for workers, pedestrians, and drivers.


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Where Did the Hours of Service Rules Come From, Anyway?

HOS rules were created in 1930 and would remain fundamentally unchanged until 1995, when Congress directed the DOT to establish a new set rules incorporating the latest scientific understanding of human fatigue and alertness. 

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How the hours of service rules for truck drivers ever became a safety regulation is a question that has vexed many in the industry.

The rules came into being in the 1930s as a combination of labor and economic regulation intended to bring some stability to the nascent trucking industry, and to protect workers from overly demanding employers. There were few rules to speak of at the time, and little was known scientifically about fatigue, sleep, driver performance, or crash causation.

The earliest regulations requiring rest for truck drivers, circa 1935, allowed drivers to work 12 hours within a 15-hour period while requiring nine hours of rest and three hours of breaks within a 24-hour day. That rule also established a weekly maximum of 60 hours on-duty over seven consecutive days. Sound familiar?

A few years later, organized labor petitioned trucking's regulator, the Interstate Commerce Commission, for a reduction in the hours drivers were required to work, proposing an eight-hour daily limit and 48-hour weekly limit. The ICC, lacking any specific knowledge on the matter, asked the U.S. Public Health Service in 1938 to investigate truck driver hours of work. The resulting report was not very conclusive, but it did note, “... a reasonable limitation of the HOS would ... act in the interest of highway safety.”

The rules would not change substantially until 1962, when the ICC eliminated the 24-hour framework and replaced it with a rotation that allowed the driver to drive up to 10 hours within a 15-hour period before being required to take eight hours off. The net effect allowed the work/sleep rotation to slip to as ...Read the rest of this story